Harmful Alcohol Use Prevention

Nov

2022

WLEN Interview with LCMHA / Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition Coordinator Madeline DeMarco

Woman’s Voice: This special program is brought to you by the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition. Guests provide information about upcoming events, resources available, and the many ways to help reduce substance use and promote a healthy Lenawee.

Kathy Williams: I’m Kathy Williams. And with me on tonight’s program is Madeline DeMarco, and Madeline is with the Lenawee Community Health Authority as well as the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition. Madeline and I are going to talk about issues of the holidays that have to do with safe holiday driving. This is an interesting topic.

Madeline DeMarco: Thanks for having me, Kathy. It’s good to be here. And we’re here to talk about the holiday season and the roads because the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition is working with the U.S Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to really raise awareness around safe driving habits to help keep impaired drivers off the road. We know that the end of the year can bring about, you know, lots of merriment with the holiday season. And we want to make sure that Americans are safe on the roads as we’re traveling to and from our holiday get-togethers and vacation destinations, and really just remind people that if you plan to go out and those plans include alcohol, marijuana, or other drugs in your celebrations that you don’t drive.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. Have a DD. You know, I think sometimes people don’t realize how much effect, you know, just a small amount of marijuana even, or a small amount of alcohol plays into their reaction times with driving, especially when you pull in it the effect of winter road situations and things like that. And just the slightest hesitation can be the difference between an accident or safe driving.

Madeline DeMarco: Even if you only have one drink or just a small bit of something and you don’t think that you’re impaired, we actually know that even just that small amount, like you said, can affect those important mental skills that we need for driving, like your reaction time and your critical thinking. And so even if you think you’re okay, if you’ve been consuming at all, it’s really not safe for you to get behind the wheel. And especially this time of year, when we have more drivers on the roads than ever, it’s really just an accident waiting to happen. Quite literally.

Kathy Williams: It really is. And you know, we need to look out for each other and maybe somebody takes a time out and the other person has their holiday cheer, so to speak. But you have to think about all the rest of the people that are dominoes like that are affected by one of your bad decisions. It’s not just you, it’s all the other people that are impacted by a crash or you know, the other people that are in their car that could be hurt.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah. We know that in the U.S. during the holiday season, one person is killed every 52 minutes. So that’s more than one person every hour due to some sort of drunk driving-related crash. And that’s not just necessarily the driver. That can be passengers, that can be pedestrians, that can be people in the other cars. And so we really need to look out for our friends and family and keep our community safe.

Kathy Williams: Yes, exactly. Because, you know, we’ve talked before about mental health issues, but if you’re that driver the amount of guilt and devastation that you’ve put on other people in your community is forever.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah. And there are some real financial impacts as well of getting in, you know, a drunk driving incident. You know, if you get a DUI that can set you back more than $10,000 in addition to other, you know, insurance, settlements and things. And you could potentially do jail time, you could lose your driver’s license… I mean, those are not things you want to talk about at the holiday table with your loved ones.

Kathy Williams: No, and even lose your job in many instances!

Madeline DeMarco: Exactly.

Kathy Williams: So, you know, let’s, let’s celebrate with a plan then. So, you know, give our listeners an idea of some different things to help them with planning ahead.

Madeline DeMarco: The biggest thing is really that if you’re planning to head out for any sort of holiday festivity to make sure, like you said, that you have a plan for a safe ride home. So, if you’re planning on using any substances like alcohol or marijuana, that you are not the one driving, that you have a sober driver that can take you home. And if you don’t have a sober driver, we have some other options in our community. Things like the Ride Lenawee shuttle can be a great option – that runs between downtown Adrian and Tecumseh on weekend evenings. And we really encourage folks too, that if it’s your turn to be the designated driver, to take your role, seriously: your friends and family are counting on you to get everybody home safely. And again, like we’ve said, even just one drink can be too many. If you’re the driver, it’s just not worth the risk.

Kathy Williams: You know, and at the same time, you have to be keeping an eye out for other drivers who may be driving impaired. And I know it’s uncomfortable maybe to let authorities know, but if you spot someone who’s really driving impaired, you need to notify someone.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. You can call your local law enforcement if you’re driving on the roads and you see someone that you might suspect is driving under the influence. But even before then, you can take action too. If you’re at a gathering and you notice someone’s about to get in their car and maybe, you know, they’re not walking so straight, it doesn’t seem like a good idea, say something and take those keys away. That person might be upset in the moment, but they’ll thank you in the morning. Trust me.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. So, Madeline, some other ways that they can learn more information is of course, is the Facebook page: LenaweeVsAddiction and the website.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. The Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition also has a website. It’s www.Drug PreventionLenawee.com. So, you can access either that or our Facebook page for more information. We’ll be sharing some tips for keeping our roads safe this holiday season all month long.

Kathy Williams: We want everyone to have a very Merry Christmas and a happy new year, but let’s drive safely.

Madeline DeMarco: Absolutely.

Woman’s Voice: The Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition supported by funding from the Health Resources and Services Administration. Thank you for listening. New messages air on the second and fourth Monday each month at 6:15 PM. You can listen to this program as a podcast under the “on air audio” tab on WLEN.com and get more information at DrugPreventionLenawee.com.

Jan

2022

WLEN Interview with Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition Coordinator Madeline DeMarco

Show the Transcript

Woman’s Voice: The Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition is a diverse group of dedicated community members united around the goal of reducing substance use in Lenawee County. LSAPC members work collaboratively to engage and educate the community in order to promote a healthy Lenawee.

Kathy Williams: This is Kathy Williams. And with me tonight is Madeline DeMarco, and Madeline is with the Lenawee Community Mental Health Authority as well as the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition. And Madeline, we’ve talked a few times now about mental health and substance abuse issues, and I think that the subject we’re going to talk about right now that for January is kind of exciting. Let’s have a dry month.

Madeline DeMarco: Thanks for having me, Kathy. You’re absolutely right. We’re talking all about Dry January today, which is a growing trend where folks make a pledge to not drink alcohol for the full month of January. And this started really as kind of a reaction to all the holiday partying and luxuries that we enjoy during December. So, kind of like a New Year’s resolution to just kind of reset and make some healthy choices for yourself.

Kathy Williams: Yeah, I mean it’s like every month you can have something different, but what a great idea to just kind of, like you said, reset. Let’s just take January off. We’re not going to have anything with alcohol in it, but we can do some creative mixing that doesn’t include liquor. So there’s lots of benefits for a Dry January.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. And the first thing that I want to say is that Dry January is really for everybody. It’s not just for folks that have, you know, an alcohol use disorder or something more serious. But it’s really a personal and kind of individual wellness challenge that anybody can do. And we love it because, like you said, it has a ton of health benefits. So, if you abstain from alcohol, it can lead to things like better sleep and having higher energy levels. You know, so you’ll do better at work, stay awake better, those sorts of things. It can strengthen your immune system, which we’re all looking for during these times.

Kathy Williams: Exactly.

Madeline DeMarco: You can see improved skin health, so your skin will be less dry, less redness… Some people say that, you know, acne and things can clear up. You might reach a healthier weight. And there’s some non-physical things as well. You know, you can save money. We all know what it’s like to look at your wallet at the end of a night out at the bar. It’s not always pretty.

Kathy Williams: Yep.

Madeline DeMarco: So, you can save some money and you’ll be more socially connected to the people around you too. You know, when you’re not always worrying about showing up to a place and immediately ordering your drink and kind of mindlessly drinking it, you can really be more connected to your friends and family when you’re not drinking. And you’ll have a clearer mind too, because you won’t be impaired by the alcohol.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. And it gives you a chance maybe to reevaluate: Do I need to have those drinks? Do, you know, can I fill that time in other ways and still have a fun evening without several glasses of whatever?

Madeline DeMarco: When you see, yeah, that, you know, “I didn’t have alcohol and I felt great the next morning,” you didn’t have to deal with the hangover or any of those substances, like you said, you might realize that, “Yeah, I feel better when I don’t drink” and that might lead to some more long-term lifestyle changes as well.

Kathy Williams: So, there’s a lot of tips that we can give people to succeed in their January, Dry January.

Madeline DeMarco: So some of the things that we recommend to help with your success in your Dry January is to number one, tell folks what you’re doing. Tell your family and friends, tell your neighbors, tell your coworkers, so that they can help keep you accountable. You know, if you tell someone: “Hey, I’m trying not to drink.” and then five minutes later you go to order a glass of wine, you know, your friends and family can kind of say: “Hey, wait a minute. Didn’t you just say…?”

Kathy Williams: Exactly, they love to call you out.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. And you can also recruit folks to do it with you. It’s always easier to do things when we’re in a group and we can support each other. And if folks around you, aren’t drinking, then you’ll be less likely to drink as well. Some other things that you can do include things like identifying the things that maybe normally encourage you to drink alcohol and try to make some new habits around that. So, for example, if you normally go to the bar every Thursday night, maybe call a friend during that time or go to the gym instead so that you’re not tempted to drink. And then you can also experience with, or experiment, with some mocktails or some non-alcoholic drinks as well. So, you can still treat yourself.

Kathy Williams: Right. Well, and there’s so many different ways that you can make a non-alcoholic drink. I know just by eliminating vodka, vodka has no flavor, and so you can, you know, mix it up with other spices and such to have a great flavor.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah, there’s a lot of things that you can do because non-alcoholic drinks don’t just have to be something boring, like a juice box, you know, from the kids cooler at a party, right? But it can be a lot of fun.

Kathy Williams: Yes.

Madeline DeMarco: And so some things that you can try or, you know, making it look good: there’s all these Instagram posts about fancy cocktails and the way that they look. And so there’s no reason that your, you know, your non-alcoholic drink can’t look like a little Baby Yoda in a glass, for example.

Kathy Williams: Exactly.

Madeline DeMarco: And you can make a lot of fun, homemade ingredients like syrups, or, you know, some flavored waters with fruit juices and things like that to spice up the flavors of what you’re drinking. And those things can also be used outside of, you know, beverages as well. You can put them on cakes, you can put them in your oatmeal and your yogurt and kind of get some double-duty. We love those kitchen hacks.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. Well, the sources for those mixes is endless. I mean, you can Google it.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. Yeah. The world of mocktails is not what it used to be. It’s really taken off and there’s a whole market of non-alcoholic spirits, if that makes sense, out there where you can buy things online that kind of mimic the flavor or the idea of gin without actually having alcohol in it. So that can be a great option as well.

Kathy Williams: So if someone needs maybe some extra support, they can call Lenawee Community Mental Health again.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes, Lenawee Community Mental Health Authority is always available if you or someone you love is struggling with alcohol use or other mental health needs. And so if you notice that you’re trying Dry January and it’s kind of challenging for you, really difficult, it could be a sign of a more serious issue. So again, CMH is here for you. We’re happy to help. So, you can call us at (517) 263-8905 and we’re happy to help.

Kathy Williams: And we’re going to have some extra ideas and such on the LSAPC website.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. We have a website: www.DrugPreventionLenawee.com. And you can also learn more on our Facebook page. It’s @LenaweeVsAddiction, where, like you said, we’ll be sharing tips throughout the month of January.

Kathy Williams: Put some recipes on there.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah, absolutely.

Kathy Williams: Thanks, Madeline. And here’s to your Dry January.

Madeline DeMarco: Cheers.

Woman’s Voice: Thank you for listening. This information has been provided by the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition. Supported by funding from the Health Resources and Services Administration. New messages air on the first and third Monday of each month at 6:15 p.m. You can listen to this program as a podcast under the audio tab on WLEN.com and listen and gather more information at DrugPreventionLenawee.com.

Jun

2021

WLEN Interview with Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition Coordinator Madeline DeMarco

Show the Transcript

Kathy Williams: This is Kathy Williams and with me on tonight’s program is Madeline DeMarco. She is the coalition coordinator for the LSAPC, along with being the Community Outreach and Prevention Coordinator for Lenawee Community Mental Health Authority. Madeline, we’re going to talk about sober summer.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes, the weather is getting nicer, and that means that many of us are looking forward to all those outdoor gatherings and events with family and friends. And it’s really easy for us to get caught up in, you know, which beer or the seltzer flavors in the cooler. But not everybody drinks alcohol. In fact, nearly one in three adults in the United States don’t drink any alcohol at all. And so we’re here to talk about some ways that you can have fun this summer and help support the folks in your life that that don’t drink at the same time.

Kathy Williams: Yeah, because some some it’s a medical decision and some it’s a psychological decision. But whatever their decision, you want to be supportive.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes, and that’s a great point. There’s a lot of reasons why someone might choose not to drink from, you know, whether they’re they might be pregnant, a history with substance use. And so it’s important that we respect that person’s choice not to drink and we don’t pressure anybody to be drinking if they don’t want to. And we also don’t ask why they’re not drinking.

Kathy Williams: Exactly.

Madeline DeMarco: No one wants to be the person to ruin a pregnancy announcement for somebody. Right?

Kathy Williams: Yes.

Madeline DeMarco: It’s up to that person to choose if they want to share their story or not.

Kathy Williams: It is. And so just by having all those options available, then let them take care of themselves is the way I look at it.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes.

Kathy Williams: So you’re right, though, with the warmer weather, we do tend to be outside more. And for some, I’m sure there’s a tick up in especially probably beer and cold beverage consumption. So. So how can we help? You said, of course, provide non-alcoholic drinks, but there’s a lot of great little mock-up cocktails that you can have available, things like that.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah, it doesn’t have to be just, you know, a juice box or a bottle of coke that that we’re all used to seeing. There’s a lot of companies that are now selling bottled or canned mocktails that are way, go way beyond that standard bottle of pop. And you can also kind of class up some of those more traditional non-alcoholic drinks as well: providing fun, glassware or garnishes. You can add some sparkling water to give it a little bubbliness. There’s a lot of options.

Kathy Williams: Any kind of fruit.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. Yup. And it’s better for for even the folks that do drink as well, because drinking alcohol can actually dehydrate you, especially in that hot weather.

Kathy Williams: Right.

Madeline DeMarco: So when you’re on the lake, you want to make sure that even if you are choosing to partake, that you’re kind of alternating your alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

Kathy Williams: And I also I like the idea of if you keep both your hands busy so, you know, by playing games like Frisbee and, you know, doing tubing, things like that cornhole, you have to have a little bit of a level of concentration. And hopefully both your hands are busy so you don’t have time to pick up that drink all the time.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. And it’s more than just drinking games that we can be playing, too. That’s kind of also what we want to be emphasizing is making the event so it’s not focused on alcohol. So we’re providing, you know, not just flip cup, but Frisbee and Cornhole and these other games that anybody, any age, whatever they’re choosing to drink that day, can can partake in.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. You know, I think a lot of people may not even realize that, but when they look at their friends, they might realize they have a lot of friends that don’t drink.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes, exactly. Like we said, one in three adults in the United States don’t drink alcohol at all. So if you just look around you at your family gathering, statistically, there’s going to be quite a few people that are choosing not to drink that day for whatever reason.

Kathy Williams: So offer lots of snacks.

Madeline DeMarco: That’s what I’m there for, the s’mores, right!

Kathy Williams: Chips and the dips and a lot of fruit I’ve noticed at early parties already this season.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. And that’s great because that’s a good hydrating snack as well. So even for folks that are drinking, we talked about alcohol can be dehydrating, offering things like watermelon or some bell peppers, things like that are great at being hydrating for folks. And if you’re you’re hosting your own event as well, that’s another great way to give you a little bit more control over the situation. So maybe if you don’t drink and you’re worried about having options available for you at someone else’s house, if you host the gathering at your house, you set the menu, you set the activities so you get a little more control that way too.

Kathy Williams: Exactly. You know what other good suggestion I have is have a cooler that has water in it for the bottled water, but have one of those markers beside it so they can label their bottle. Because how many times do you find all these have drinking water bottles and nobody knows which one was there?

Madeline DeMarco: Yes!

Kathy Williams: I just think that that marker might come in handy for lots of reasons.

Madeline DeMarco: Absolutely. And with COVID, you don’t want to be accidentally drinking someone’s water.

Kathy Williams: Let’s just help everybody out with this. Great event coming up, though, the Right for Recovery is a fundraiser. That’s coming up. Tell us about that, Madeline.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. So this is an upcoming fundraiser that’s sponsored by Celebrate Recovery Tecumseh and Broken Chains. J.C. and all the proceeds from this event are going to go to Pathways Recovery Engagement Center in Adrian. And so this is going to be a fundraiser, motorcycle ride. It’s going to be held on June 26. It will start at the Harley Davidson of Tecumseh and registration will begin at 10:00 a.m. It’s ten dollars per person. Again, all proceeds are going to go to Pathways Recovery Engagement Center. At registration there’ll be donuts, coffee, water available and then kick stands up at 11:00 a.m. to start the ride. The ride’s going to end at the Covenant Church in Tecumseh and hot dogs and chips will be available at the end of the ride. So you can even have your family come and meet you at the end if you want.

Kathy Williams: Oh how fun. Okay.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah, and if you’re interested for more information, you can call 517-815-4011 or you can email crtecumseh@gmail.com.

Kathy Williams: There you go. A great event. And, you know, there’s a lot of riders, especially in the summer, and a lot of them have the belief of you do not drink and ride a motorcycle. It just does not go well together. So other great activities, of course, they can, you know, just get outside, go to farmer’s markets, go get ice cream, you know, have a game night. That kind of thing, I think are all great ideas too. So, Madeline, you can also find information on the LSAPC sites.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes. We have a website. You can reach us at DrugPreventionLenawee.com. And we also have a pretty active Facebook page. You can find us @LenaweeVsAddiction, Lenawee V S Addition, on Facebook as well.

Kathy Williams: Thanks so much, Madeline. For some more information on a sober summer.

Madeline DeMarco: So thank you for having me.

Woman’s Voice: Thank you for listening. This information has been provided by the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition. New messages air on the first and third Monday of each month at 6:15 p.m. You can listen to this program as a podcast under the audio tab on WLEN.com and listen and gather more information at DrugPreventionLenawee.com.

Jun

2021

WLEN Interview with Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition Coordinator Madeline DeMarco

Show the Transcript

Woman’s Voice: The Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition is a diverse group of dedicated community members united around the goal of reducing substance use in Lenawee County LSAPC members work collaboratively to engage and educate the community in order to promote a healthy Lenawee.

Kathy Williams: This is Kathy Williams. And with me on tonight’s program is Madeline DeMarco. And Madeline is the coalition coordinator for the LSAPC, along with being the community outreach and prevention coordinator for the Lenawee Community Mental Health Authority, Madeline you’re super involved in things that have to do with helping people live healthier lives.

Madeline DeMarco: Yes, absolutely. Uh, everything that we do at the prevention coalition works with that. And that’s actually what we’re here to talk about today. As we’ve been featuring a new campaign on our social media, that we’re calling Drink Less for Your Breasts. And this is all about raising awareness for the idea that drinking alcohol is actually a breast cancer risk factor, which a lot of folks don’t know about.

Kathy Williams: I personally had no clue on that. I know a lot of other risk factors come to mind, but not necessarily drinking. So tell us a little bit about how, um, the research goes on that. What are the odds, um, and how do we stay out of that mix, I guess?

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah. So every year the Centers for Disease Control estimate that about 19,000 women develop breast cancer each year due to drinking alcohol. And this risk is actually 14% higher for people who drink regularly on a regular basis, you know, a couple times a week or whatever that looks like then, then for someone who doesn’t drink. And we want to raise awareness about this because these long-term impacts of alcohol use are particularly important for our young women, as they’re setting up good health for their bodies as, as they’re aging and, and moving forward with life. And we also know that alcohol use is more common amongst younger women as well. So although drinking alcohol at any age increases the risk of breast cancer, we know that young people are more likely to be the ones drinking the most

Kathy Williams: Well because of the different social settings that they’re in. I mean, you hate to bring the old peer pressure up, but that, you know, does tend to affect a little bit younger demographic and, you know, just opportunities are a little more readily available maybe to, to start out with, uh, a bad habit, basically. Um, you know, some drinking is fun, but you do need to know that this is a possible risk that you could be exposing yourself to.

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah, absolutely. Because even just drinking small amounts, like just one drink a day increases your risk of developing breast cancer. And this increases the more that you drink. So basically a good thing to think about is the more you drink, the higher your risk of developing breast cancer is. But the good news is it’s actually pretty easy to lower this risk, even just drinking one fewer drink a week can lower your risk pretty substantially. So, you know, one fewer drink on that Zoom call that can help reduce your risk by, by a couple of percentage points if you keep that up regularly. So every little bit counts

Kathy Williams: Just kind of think, oh, do I really need this one? Maybe I’ll skip this one and go for the next one or something, you know?

Madeline DeMarco: Yeah, exactly. Yeah. And we have a lot of tips that as you’re mentioning that can kind of help with that. And one of those is maybe alternating with beverages. So if you’re at an event and you start out with a beer, maybe drinking a glass of water or juice or something like that before going for your next drink, also drinking things slowly. So instead of, you know, just shotting that drink, tossing it back, trying to try to take smaller sips, um, as well as having some food in your stomach before, before you go out and drink. Um, another thing is, is to keep track of how much you’re drinking, um, especially on those nights out, it can be easy to lose track of, you know, is this my third glass of wine or my fifth? And there’s actually a lot of apps out there that folks can use to help them keep track of their, of their drinking. Um, as well as getting support. You know, a lot of us drink in social settings with friends and family. And so the more we can kind of get the word out with, with our friends and say, Hey, I’m trying to drink a little bit less today. Can you help support that? Um, the more successful we’re likely to be

Kathy Williams: Well, and I think also when you’re, if you’re the host or hostess of those events, just having more of the alternative options available helps along with that too. I know if the, if the cooler of beer is sitting right next to the lemonade and iced tea and the pops, you might open a different cooler or pour a different glass, and it does get monotonous too. Especially with the hot days we have coming up,

Madeline DeMarco: The more we can make not drinking alcohol, the norm so it’s not weird to show up with a glass of lemonade or a fancy mocktail. There’s all kinds of cool stuff out there these days, the easier…

Kathy Williams: Oh my gosh, the seltzer waters…

Madeline DeMarco: Oh yeah. I’m with ya. The easier it will be. And you’ll probably feel better and more hydrated on those hot summer days as well. If you’re not just drinking beer the whole time.

Kathy Williams: And not only will you be not increasing your chances of developing breast cancer, but you’re going to feel better the next day.

Madeline DeMarco: Exactly, exactly.

Kathy Williams: So I know we don’t talk much about men with breast cancer, but there is always that problem as well. I just isn’t as pronounced with a risk factor for this.

Madeline DeMarco: Correct. Men can get breast cancer because of drinking alcohol, but it’s much, much less likely. In fact, the research shows that it’s really only heavy drinking that’s correlated with an increased risk of breast cancer in men, whereas any drinking can increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. That’s why we’re really emphasizing ladies, If you’re out there, uh, drink less for your breasts.

Kathy Williams: There you go. So Madeline, you said this is more information’s available on the, uh, on the internet?

Madeline DeMarco: Correct. Yes. We have a website, the Lenawee Substance Abuse Prevention Coalition. Um, you can reach us at DrugPreventionLenawee.com. We also have a Facebook page. You can find us @LenaweeVsAddiction. We’re doing a whole social media campaign, trying to raise awareness around drinking less for your breasts for the month of June. So you can, you can learn more there and, and share the post with your friends. So, so they know more as well, too.

Kathy Williams: Thanks so much Madeline. We appreciate you.

Madeline DeMarco: Thank you for having me.